다음 줄친 부분 중 나머지 넷과 가리키는 대상이 다른 하나는? (23)

Native Americans often sang and danced in preparation for launching an attack. ①The emotional and neurochemical excitement that resulted from this preparatory singing gave them stamina to carry out their attacks. What may have begun as an unconscious, uncontrolled act — rushing their victims with ②singing and beating drums in a frenzy — could have become a strategy as the victors saw firsthand the effect ③their actions had on those they were attacking. Although war dances risk warning an enemy of an upcoming attack, benefits of ④synchronizing actions and the arousal for the attackers may compensate for the loss of surprise. Humans who sang, danced, and marched may have enjoyed a strong advantage on the battlefield as well as intimidated enemies who witnessed ⑤such a spectacle. Nineteenth-and twentieth-century Germans feared no one more than the Scots — the bagpipes and drums were disturbing in their sheer loudness and visual spectacle.

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